LG LCD TV 42DL550 HOW TO REPAIR AN LG LCD TV MAIN BOARD

Symptoms
The TV would power on and the LG Logo screen with the clock would appear. It would freeze on the logo screen. It was stuck there and would not boot any further. The none of the buttons would work. It was totally stuck.

First I tried unplugging it for about 15 min to reset everything, but that did not make a difference. Note: It’s always good to try this first on any electronic device. Also if the device has any kind of factory reset button, always try that as well before taking it apart.
I searched around online and found other people reporting issues with this TV. HDMI ports not working, no inputs working, Lines on the screen, fuzzy video, etc… It seems many different makes and models are affected.

I removed the board and I did not see any physical damage, no components looked fried or burnt, no capacitors looked bad, and all the connectors looked to good. This lead me to believe the main control board Model EBT60955753 LG MAIN (3642-1052-0150) could have one or more bad solder joints.
This TVs was purchased in 2010 and out of warranty. A new board was hard to find, and too expensive. 

Attempt at your own risk!  This will void your warranty, and possibly damage the board.  I have only tested this on an LG 42DL550!  Other readers have had success on different models so search through the comments.  I would only try this if the TV is unusable and you have nothing to lose!

Summary

To fix it, I baked the main board in a electric oven for about 10 minutes at around 385 °F and It worked!

Explanation

Why did this work? After heating and cooling for years, tiny cracks can form in the solder connections.  Heating the board to 385° F (above the solder melting point) caused the solder to melt and these cracks flow back together.
Believe it or not, this trick works on more than just this TV.  This can fix a long list of other electronics.  It’s not uncommon for manufactures to under cool their components, and/or ship electronics with bad solder.  Poor ventilation, bad fans, small heat sinks, dust, stress, and other factors can also cause over heating or cracked solder points.  Even a very tiny crack that you can not see can cause a bad connection.

Warning:  Attempt at your own risk!  Safety First! Always wear protective gear when working on electronics.  Safety Glasses, Gloves, etc…  Remove Electricity from the device (unplug) to Avoid Shock!

 

Again, attempt at your own risk!  This will void your warranty, and possibly damage the board.  I have only tested this on an LG 42DL550!  Other readers have had success on different models so search through the comments.  I would only try this if the TV is unusable and you have nothing to lose!

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Let’s Do This!  Step-By-Step DIY Fix:

– Remove the board from the TV

LG LED TV Control Board EBT60955753 
(3642-1052-0150)

• Step 1.  Call LG and complain.  Everyone complaining to LG might make them understand how unhappy people are, and they’ll see this is a known issue!  Maybe if you play your card right, they will admit this is a fault with their product and send you a replacement.

• Step 2.  UNPLUG THE TV before you touch it!  Electric shock can cause death!
• Lay the TV down on its face. (Put it on a blanket to be careful not to scratch the LCD)
• Remove the stand from the TV. (remove the four long screws at bottom and the stand slides out)
• Remove the back cover from the TV.  (don’t forget the screw near the power plug, and the one in the middle of the input jacks.)
• Take pictures of the Board from all angles.  Make sure to get good ones of all the connections.  You can use these pictures later to make sure you reinstall it correctly.
• Remove all the connections. (Be gentle, they should come off easy, if you are doing it correctly)
  • How to disconnect them isn’t obvious to the inexperienced.  Use the picture above for reference. (Click on the picture to enlarge it!)
  • On the upper right there are two ribbon cables. To disconnect these, gently lift the thin black plastic strip on the connector (it flips up), then you can pull the ribbon cables out.
  • On the lower right there’s a wide header block with gray wires. Squeeze the sides (opposite ends) of the connector to release it and pull up.
  • On the upper left are two other connectors. In the center of these is a small plastic part. Press down gently on the edge of that (the edge near the wires), causing the opposite edge to lift a bit to unlatch. While pressing, pull gently in the direction of the wires, away from the board.
• Once all the wires are disconnected remove the six (6) screws holding the main board to the frame.
• Remove the black plastic face plate from the side input jacks. (No screws, it’s held on by it’s plastic clips).

– Bake The Board

• Now we are going to bake it in a conventional electric oven.  (Do NOT use a microwave, gas oven, open flames, Air Forced Heat, or any other type of heat!)
• Why not use a heat gun?  A heat gun is forced air like a hair dryer.  As soon as the solder melts, the air will blow the components out of place, or even go flying off the board.
• Why not use a gas oven?  Open flames can be dangerous in this situation.
• Why not use a microwave?  Never put metal in a microwave!  Very bad things can happen.
• Preheat the oven to 385 °F (196 °C)
  • The correct Temperature is IMPORTANT.  If you don’t trust the temperature setting on your oven, or if your oven does not have a temperature setting, then get a baking thermometer and test your oven!
    
  • 385 °F is working for most people, but there are different kinds of solder.  Altitude and humidity might also play a factor.  Most solder melts between 360 and 419 Degrees Fahrenheit or 180 – 215 Degrees Celsius.
  • Solder is a mixture of Tin and Lead.
    50 Tin/50 Lead: melts between 183–215 °C (361–419 °F)
    60 Tin/40 Lead: melts between 183–190 °C (361–374 °F)
  • NOTE:  These temperatures might sound scary, but the ignition temperature of paper is around 451 °F so these components should not be damaged at these temps in an electric oven.  Again, this is why we only us an electric oven.  No open flames!
  • See https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Solder for more details about Solder.
• Place the board face up on something nonmetallic like a piece of cardboard.  A pizza round or similar works well. (Do not put it on anything metal because the solder will stick to it.)
• Place it on the center rack of the oven.
• It will smell funky when cooking so you might want to open a window and/or turn on a fan!
• Let it cook for about 10 min.
• Turn the oven off and let it cool.  (Be careful!  It’s hot and will burn you!  Use oven mitts!)
  • Do not to bump or disturb it while it is cooling!
  • I would not move it until its below 300 °F, so you don’t disturb any components!
  • Just turn the oven off and leave the board in it with the door open until it’s cooled off a bit.
  • If you take it out of the oven while it is still hot, remove the board very carefully, let it cool at least 30 min before you touch it.

– Install and Test

• Install the main board in the reverse order that you removed it. (Refer to your pictures)
  • Make sure you get all the cables in the correct location.
  • Double check each cable to make sure it’s connected correctly.
  • Check your pictures to make sure you have everything correct.
  • You might want to leave the back off until you test it in case it doesn’t work, and you need to bake it again. Just do NOT touch anything back there with it plugged in!  BE SAFE!
• Turn on the TV and see if it works.  (Note:  Wait at least 10 Seconds after turning it on because it seems to take a long time for this particular TV come on.)
• If it does not work:
  • Try cooking it again for 15 min.
  • 10 min. worked for me on the first try but results my vary…
  • Try a higher temperature 183 – 215 °C (361 – 419 °F) as noted above.
  • One reader noted he went all the way up to 482 °F (250 °C ) although I highly recommend staying below 425 °F.  I’m guessing his oven settings are off.
    
  • Another reader said he put a weight on the LVDS chip while baking and that worked.
  • Read through the comments, there’s a lot of good info in there.

Please comment to let everyone know how it went for you!  Include the Make and Model of your TV / electronic device to help others can find this post!

Warning:  Attempt at your own risk!  Safety First! Always wear protective gear when working on electronics.  Safety Glasses, Gloves, etc…  Remove Electricity from the device (unplug) to Avoid Shock!

 

Again, attempt at your own risk!  This will void your warranty, and possibly damage the board.  I have only tested this on an LG 42DL550!  Other readers have had success on different models so search through the comments.  I would only try this if the TV is unusable and you have nothing to lose!

SONY KDL-60W610B LED BLINKING AND MOTHER BOARD REPLACING

SONY KDL-60W610B LED BLINKING AND MOTHER BOARD REPLACING

SONY KDL-60W610B

 LED BLINKING AND MOTHER BOARD REPLACING 

DIAGNOSING THE ERROR
Before servicing the Television:
1. Verify the TV has the symptom the customer indicated.
2. Check to see if the latest Software is installed.
a. If not, install the latest version.
3. Determine the replacement part required.
VIEWING THE SELF CHECK DIAGNOSIS HISTORY
When an error is detected, the Self Check screen records the number of times the error occurred. This is helpful in confirming past occurrences of an error and for determining if an error is intermittent when the customer is not sure what is causing the television to shut down.

 If the screen displays a “0”, no error has occurred.
1. Press POWER to turn on the TV and then turn it off again.
2. Press the following buttons on the Remote Commander within 1 second of each other:
DISPLAY > Channel 5 > Volume - > POWER

NOTE: This differs from accessing Service Adjustments Mode (Volume +).

TRIAGE CHART
Use this general Triage Chart to determine what may possibly be causing the error before going out to the customers location.

1. Confirm the symptom from the customer.
2. Select that symptom from the chart.
3. Bring the primary component listed for that symptom.
5. Chart Color Code.
4. Follow the associated flowcharts in the Training Manual to isolate the board.

REPLACING THE MAIN BOARD / TUNER BOARD
The Main Board used in these models is available for repair.

1. Disconnect Harness from the Main Board.

2. Locate and disconnect all remaining connectors.

3. Press down the 2 locking clips and pull LVDS cable to release.

4. Slide brackets to detach from Main Board.

5. Locate and remove screws from the Tuner Board and Main Board, then lift to detach.

6. Install the new Main Board and/or Tuner Board and screws.
7. Reconnect the LVDS Cable and all other connectors.

8. Update the Software.
After ALL repairs UPDATE the SOFTWARE to the latest version. Instructions are included with the Software package on the Sony Authorized Service Portal website.
a. Insert the USB device with the latest Software into one of the TVs’ USB ports.
b. Connect TV to AC power.
c. Wait at least 20 seconds.
d. Press POWER on the remote to turn ON the TV.
e. Wait until the Software update is completed.
9. To access Service Mode, turn TV ON and OFF again then press the following buttons within 1 second of each other:
DISPLAY Channel 5 Volume + POWER
10. When the DIGITAL Menu appears, press 2 until 002 MODEL category displays

11. Press 1 until 002 DEST item displays.

12. Press 3 until the correct destination of the TV displays.

(Use the below for reference)

KDL-60W610B > US/CND ATSC_UC_BASE
KDL-60W630B > US/CND ATSC_UC_BASE
KDL-60W630B > LA/MX ATSC_LTN_BASE

13. Press MUTE then 0 to save the changes.

14. Press 1 until 003 MODELNAME displays.

15. Press 3 until the model displayed matches the model of the TV.
CAUTION: The Model Name can only be selected once. Be sure to verify the information is correct before saving the changes.
16. Press MUTE then 0 to save the changes.

17. Locate the Serial Number for the TV on the side of the Rear Cover.

18. Press 1 until 004 SERIAL item displays.

19. Press 0 to display the Serial Number Edit option.

20. Press to display the Serial Number input screen.

CAUTION: The Serial Number can only be selected once. Be sure to verify the information is correct before saving the changes.
21. Enter the Serial Number of the TV.
NOTE: If the incorrect Serial Number is entered, press RETURN to go back to the Serial Number input screen and re-enter the correct number.
22. Press ENTER to save the Serial Number.

23. Press 1 until 006 VAR_TYPE item displays.

24. Press 3 until STD option displays.

25. Press MUTE then 0 to save the changes.

26. Cycle AC Power (Unplug and plug AC Cord from the outlet).
27. Access Service Mode, by pressing the following buttons within 1 second of each other:
DISPLAY Channel 5 Volume + POWER
28. When the DIGITAL Menu appears, press 2 until 002 MODEL category displays.

29. Press 0 to select the 000 BOARD CHECK item.

When replacing the Main Board and/or Tuner Board:
30. Press 1 to verify the Main Board replacement results.
NOTE: Either one of the following messages indicates a correct process.

CAUTION: If the Main Board is a mismatch to the Tuner Board, a “NG: WRONG COMBINATION OF MAIN BOARD AND TUNER BOARD” will display.

31. Press RETURN then MUTE and 0 to save the changes.

When replacing the Tuner Board only:
32. Press 2 to verify the Tuner Board replacement results.

CAUTION: If the Tuner Board is a mismatch to the Main Board, a “NG: DIFFERENT KIND OF TUNER BOARD HAS BEEN CONNECTED” will display.

33. Press RETURN then MUTE and 0 to save the changes.

34. Clear the Self Check screen.
a. Press POWER to exit Service Mode.
b. Press the following buttons on the Remote Commander within
1 second of each other:
DISPLAY Channel 5 Volume – POWER

c. To clear the error history and error count press 8 0 .
d. Press POWER to exit Self Check Mode.

35. Cycle AC Power (Unplug and plug AC Cord from the outlet).

MEMORY AND CPU MATCHING METHOD

Memory and CPU matching method

Problems with memory and CPU, is one of the greatest concern of computer enthusiasts. How to match? Hundreds of articles on the Internet, to see dazzling, if not carefully analyze and judge, it is difficult to distinguish which is correct, which is wrong. According to my analysis, the formation of this situation for several reasons: First, the CPU FSB, with the front-side bus frequency is often mixed, and sometimes also the front-side bus with HT bus can also be confused; three kinds of memory (SDRAM, DDR1 SDRAM DDR2 SDRAM) characteristics,
but is often confused with, mix; with a frequency of various names, various names are often mixed; four Intel CPU and AMD CPU features, mix them with the memory is not the same, but is often confused with; five before AMD K8 CPU K8 and CPU features, is often confused with; memory settings for the various motherboard manufacturers often use different methods and name, easy to make people confused; seven is the age of article writing is not specified, do not know which age, what type of memory; (8) is to write the author's level uneven, cohabitation is sometimes difficult to distinguish right and wrong . Therefore, in the study of memory, knowledge, and I really spend a lot of time. See much more, want more, of course, also the initiation of some personal opinion. In order to consolidate the results of my study, I have made this summary memo. Of course, want to give the same "rookie" netizens by reference, and we welcome the "heroes" were corrected.

The concept of CPU frequency

CPU frequency is the speed of your computer, we often say is very important. However, the CPU itself is just a chip, does not produce frequency, frequency computer motherboard plus to it. Its frequency is the frequency that it is functional, if the frequency is too high, that is it for the use of excessive overclocking, it will "strike" or even burned. CPU frequency is equal to the FSB (CPU Host Frequency) multiplied by the multiplier (Multiplier),

Frequency = FSB × multiplier

In fact, the multiplier is not the frequency, just a multiple of the frequency multiplier is set in the CPU. The FSB is the frequency of the generator in the computer's motherboard is the computer's clock standard, also known as the system clock frequency. For example, a CPU multiplier ratio is 10, plus its FSB is 200 MHz, the CPU clock speed is equivalent to

200 MHz x 10 = 2000 MHz = 2.0 GHz

(2) front side bus concept

Front Side Bus (FSB) CPU with the motherboard's North Bridge (North Bridge) linked to the bus, it is the frequency that the CPU and the outside world (memory, AGP bus, PCI bus, etc.) the speed of data transmission. Before the advent of the Pentium 4, FSB frequency and FSB is the same. However, as computer technology continues to evolve, it is found that the front side bus frequency higher than the FSB Therefore, the front-side bus with FSB different. On the Intel platform, the front side bus frequency is four times that of the FSB; in the AMD platform, the front-side bus frequency of 2 times the FSB. Since the emergence of AMD K8, AMD has memory controller integrated in the CPU's internal links between the CPU and memory no longer through the FSB and North Bridge of the front-side bus no longer exists. However, the Intel platform, the front-side bus still exists.

Nevertheless, it is still often the front-side bus with FSB confused with, until now.

(3) a variety of memory frequency name Discrimination

Online, and even the motherboard manual to the CPU-Z, is called a variety of computers of various frequencies far from uniform, so probably comb:

Core frequency (Core Frequency): also known as the memory of the true frequency or limit frequency refers to the memory chips capable of withstanding the limits of frequency, if added to its frequency over this figure more (memory over OC), it will refuse to work. The most common reaction is "blue screen".

Clock frequency (Clock Frequency): refers to the actual operating frequency of the memory. The title of this frequency, for example, the frequency of memory, the operating frequency, operating frequency, bus frequency, DRAM frequency. In Hong Kong and Taiwan said it was too veins. Known as "speed" on many occasions also frequency.

The data frequency (Date Frequency), also known as the equivalent frequency or transmit frequency.

The three names in order not to cause confusion, memory frequency to retain only the core frequency, clock frequency and data frequency. However, some will not lead to misunderstanding, and appropriate to the occasion and the theme will clock frequency is called the operating frequency, operating frequency and bus frequency.

4 classes and attributes of the memory

For the average user, memory, three types: SDRAM memory, DDR SDRAM memory (also known as DDR or DDR1) and DDR2 SDRAM (referred to as DDR2). DDR3 memory soon after, not yet widely used.

SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random access memory), the DRAM Synchronous, said it was "synchronous dynamic random access memory" means that the speed of its work is synchronized with the system bus speed, which in one clock cycle only at the rising edge of the transmission
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times the data, this memory core frequency (Core frequency), the clock frequency (Clock freq.) and data frequency (Data freq.) is consistent.

DDR SDRAM stands for Double Data Rate SDRAM is the meaning of double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory, DDR memory is evolved on the basis of SDRAM memory, it can be a data clock rise and fall of each transmission, therefore , its clock frequency and core frequency is equal, but its data frequency is doubled Fan of. That the core frequency, memory clock frequency and data frequency of three 1:1:2 relationship.

DDR2 DDR memory on the basis of the data off than DDR, use of special techniques that can be handled than doubled. That is, did the memory core frequency, clock frequency and data rate among the ratio 1:2:4.

The relationship between the frequency characteristics of the three kinds of memory and a few frequencies as follows:

Table 1 three memory frequency relationship



SDRAM, DDR1 and DDR2-400 already has been eliminated, however, in the old computer, the memory of the three specifications is still exist. For example, in 2002, I purchased IBM Black Edition, was considered more advanced, but its memory is SDRAM, capacity is only 128MB. Upgrading the speed of the computer is really fast.

5.Intel platform memory and CPU synchronization conditions

In order to ensure memory safety at work, add to the frequency of the memory can not be too high; in order to ensure the speed of your computer, plus the memory frequency should match with the CPU speed, not too low, therefore the memory requirements for synchronization (Synchronize), memory synchronization? There are various versions of the Internet, some said: "The memory frequency is equal to the FSB is the memory synchronization; Some said:" equal to the memory clock frequency and FSB is the memory synchronous. For example, when the FSB is 133 MHz, the motherboard supports SDRAM, it should be accompanied by PC133 memory; motherboard supports DDR1, together with a DDR 266 memory. These claims are of course correct.

However, for DDR2 memory, if I am: on the Intel platform, equal to the memory clock frequency and FSB is the memory synchronous "have a problem. For example, for the FSB = 800 MHz CPU, FSB equal to 200 MHz in this case, together with the DDR2-800 is the synchronization. This is not the memory clock frequency equal to the FSB ", but the memory clock frequency is equal to twice the FSB is the memory synchronous. So, I think, DDR2 memory is also included, it should be synchronized conditions to the memory core frequency is equal to the FSB synchronous memory "is accurate.

Of course, can also be separated from DDR2 with SDRAM, DDR, such as can say: "When the choice of DDR2 memory, FSB and memory clock frequency ratio of 1:2, that is, memory synchronization.

Example 1. Intel production of the CPU FSB is 200 MHz, if equipped with DDR memory, should be equipped with what type of memory is the memory synchronous?

A: For DDR memory, the core frequency is equal to the FSB memory synchronization, the core frequency is 200 MHz memory is DDR400, DDR400 memory should choose. Of course, said: "DDR memory, the clock frequency is equal to FSB memory synchronization when the FSB is 200MHz, DDR400 memory, we should choose."

Cases. Intel production of the CPU FSB is 200 MHz with DDR2 memory, should be equipped with what type of memory is the memory synchronous?

A: DDR2 memory, the core frequency is equal to the FSB memory synchronization, the core frequency is 200MHz, the memory is DDR2-800, should choose DDR800 memory. Of course, you can say: "DDR2 memory, FSB clock frequency ratio of 1:2 is the memory synchronous, therefore, when the FSB is 200 Mhz, select the DDR800 memory, because the DDR2-800 memory clock frequency is 400MHz with the FSB is a 1:2 relationship. "

The table below, listed in the different FSB conditions, how to select the memory. Single-frequency synchronization point of view, remove the table "dual DDR" in the "double" word is also a memory synchronization.

Table 2 memory reasonable matching table



Note: DDR memory slots with DDR2 memory slot is not the same, you should choose what memory to the motherboard.

6. The FSB bandwidth and memory bandwidth to match the conditions

When the select memory, in addition to the synchronization requirements of the memory, there is an important condition is the requirement of memory bandwidth and front-side bus (FSB) bandwidth equal to the best. If memory bandwidth is less than the bandwidth of the FSB, the CPU wait time will increase; if the memory bandwidth is greater than the FSB, the formation of a waste of memory resources.

For platforms that support DDR1, if the FSB is 200 MHz, single-memory synchronization point using a DDR400 can, however, because the FSB frequency is four times the FSB is 800 MHz, the bandwidth of 800 MHz x 64b ÷ 8b / B = 6.4 GB / s, the bandwidth of DDR400 is only 3.2 GB / s. Therefore, in order to match the memory bandwidth with the bandwidth of the FSB, it should be added to the same memory DDR400 up dual channel operation.

The platform supports DDR2, if the FSB is 200MHz, as long as with a DDR2-800, both to meet the memory synchronization requirements, but also meet the matching requirements of bandwidth.

The bandwidth of the matching conditions, can calculate the bandwidth method to determine, from the perspective of frequency, as long as the memory data frequency is equal to the frequency of the FSB is the bandwidth matches. For example, the data frequency of DDR2-800 dual channel DDR400 800 MHz FSB frequency of 800 MHz, so with the best mix.

In short, if added to the memory frequency is too high, the consequences of the "blue screen" or computer unstable; add to the memory frequency is too low, is a waste of resources of computer frequency. Bandwidth does not match the consequences of a waste of resources. Meets the memory synchronization, but also to meet the bandwidth matching, is the memory and the CPU with.

7. Intel platform memory asynchronous setting method

What is the memory asynchronously? In order to achieve some kind of memory work with the FSB frequency, referred to as memory asynchronous (Asynchronize),. The so-called memory and CPU with how to adapt to changes in CPU frequency is actually the memory frequency. For example, when the computer's CPU FSB from 166 MHz overclocked to 200 MHz, the added memory frequency will follow the upgrade to 200 MHz, so that memory can continue to work? The
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sole  coated tip Yue  Mei deceive play the occasion of the frightened rural the acyl  Gu the carbuncle  deceive Xian sodium Germany to decorated ? 66 MHz, unchanged, or only small changes. When the memory frequency is higher than the frequency of the CPU, is generally not subject to specialized settings, because the memory frequency are backward compatible. However, if you want to make this memory in the higher frequency operation, but also can be used for asynchronous memory settings so that the memory work at higher frequencies, to achieve the best use.

Memory asynchronously in the BIOS settings, current motherboard support most of the memory asynchronous technology. Of induction, set the following various, as described below:

⑴ directly regulates the maximum memory frequency increase or decrease - ± 33 MHz of the provisions of the early memory asynchronous technology is to use this solution. For example, when the P3 processor running at 100 MHz FSB through the BIOS settings, memory can be run asynchronously in the two frequencies of 133 MHz or 66 MHz.

⑵ the provisions of sub - which provides that the ratio of the FSB and memory clock frequency, frequency ratio and this ratio is called the divider coefficient (DRAM Frequency Ratio). Divider coefficient setting the value of a variety of different motherboards have different setting values, such as: 1:1 (synchronous), 1: 1.33, 4:3,4:5,5:4,12:13 . Divide factor greater than 1, the memory frequency is less than the FSB; divider coefficient is less than 1:00 is the memory frequency is greater than the FSB. For example, when the FSB is 200 MHz in the BIOS, you choose the sub-frequency coefficient is 5:4, then the memory frequency is 200 MHz x 4 ÷ 5 = 160 MHz, quite DDR320. If you install the memory is DDR333 or DDR2-667, exactly matching (memory frequency is slightly larger, do no harm).

⑶ set the memory multiplier (System Memory Multiplier) - Gigabyte (GIGABYTE) p31 motherboard is set. Multiplier in the BIOS options are: Auto (default actual installed memory on the motherboard), 3.33,3,4 +, 2.5 and 2. When the FSB is 200Mhz actual installed memory is DDR2-800, if you choose multiplier "3.33", then the memory clock frequency (Memory Frequency) will show "800 667", "800" you actually installed on the motherboard DDR2-800; "667" is to tell you: DDR2-667 asynchronous to mean, that is actually running in memory clock frequency is 333 MHz instead of 400 MHz.

⑷ directly - for example, the memory clock frequency (DRAM Frequency) Asustek (ASUS), P5E-VM motherboard BIOS setup options are: Auto, DDR2-667, DDR2-800, DDR2-834, DDR2-888 memory model DDR2-1000 DDR2-1112 and DDR2 = 1333 8 option, you intend to asynchronous memory to what extent, directly corresponding to the model chosen can be simple and straightforward. However, you can only choose within this range.

Example 3. FSB to 200 MHz front side bus frequency is 800 MHz Intel platform motherboard is installed on the DDR2-800 memory, when the FSB overclocked to 250 MHz, memory clock frequency is the number? If you do not want to upgrade the existing memory, how to set the memory asynchronous?

A: From the given conditions, install the DDR2-800 memory to meet the memory synchronization conditions (FSB: Memory clock frequency = 1:2), DDR2-800 memory clock frequency is 400 MHz.

When the FSB to 250MHz, the memory clock frequency synchronization upgrade. The memory clock frequency of 250MHz x 2 = 500MHz, quite of DDR2-1000. Memory overclocking, should upgrade the memory to DDR2-1066 go. If you want to use DDR2-800 memory, and can do the memory asynchronous settings. Gigabyte p31 motherboard, for example as follows:

In the beginning of the boot, click the "Del" key to enter the BIOS → use the up and down arrow keys to select the "MB Intelligent Tweaker (frequency / voltage control)" → Enter and select the "System Memory Multiplier (SPD) memory multiplier adjustment "→ select" 3.33 ", then" Memory Frequency memory clock adjustment "appears" 800 667 "two sets of figures, one of the" 800 "is your actual installed memory DDR2-800;" 667 " is asynchronous memory frequency of DDR2-667, the clock frequency of 333 MHz, DDR2-800 memory can be competent, however, the speed of the corresponding down.

Instructions in the "memory" and "clock" is Hong Kong and Taiwan terms, respectively, the meaning of "memory" and "clock frequency".

8.AMD platform method of calculating the actual memory frequency

On the Intel platform, the memory controller (Memory Controller) is placed within the North Bridge (North Bridge), the memory associated with CPU Front Side Bus (FSB), therefore, we calculate the Intel platform memory frequency above FSB as reference. AMD CPUs (the K8 and beyond) platform, the memory controller is placed within the CPU, so the calculation of the memory frequency of the AMD platform, based on CPU clock speed as a reference. Moreover, in the AMD platform, the asynchronous method of calculating with the synchronization method of calculating any difference.

In the BIOS memory frequency (in the BIOS, the memory frequency commonly used in English DRAM Frequency, Memory Frequency, or the Memory the Clock Frequency) is set to "Auto" or "By SPD", the memory controller will automatically detect your type and parameters of the memory installed on the motherboard, as long as you install the memory the motherboard supports the memory controller for you automatically calculated in the actual operation on the memory frequency, you can wash its hands of it.

If you select the memory core frequency is equal to the CPU FSB (for example, when the FSB is 200Mhz, you use DDR400 or DDR2-800), and this method is set (ie, computer memory frequency is automatically set for you the actual installation. The memory frequency), in fact, is the AMD platform synchronization settings.

However, with the Intel platform, the AMD platform, even if this synchronization settings, and its operating frequency and the nominal value may also vary. For example, you clocked at 2.2GHz, the multiplier is DDR2-800 memory, the installation of the AMD platform 11, the memory operating frequency is not 400MHz, but 366MHz, which is quite DDR2-372 memory. Why is there such a situation, with the special calculation method for the AMD platform, the memory controller design, the following will be introduced.

On the AMD platform, do memory asynchronous set, rarely used the divider ratio that are direct memory model. For example: DDR400,
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DDR2-400, DDR2-533, DDR2-667, DDR2-800, DDR2-1066, DDR2-1333 and so on.

AMD platform, the memory of the actual work is how to calculate? About the steps are as follows:

⑴ set the memory frequency in BIOS: if you actually installed in the memory slots on the memory core frequency is equal to the FSB in the BIOS set the memory frequency to select "Auto" or "By SPD", which means that you do is the memory synchronization settings. However, because the AMD platform, the memory operating frequency is determined by the CPU frequency, so only the memory clock frequency can be divisible by the CPU frequency, memory operating frequency to its nominal frequency is consistent .

It should be clear: you set in the BIOS memory frequency, the same as the actual frequency of memory installed on the motherboard; or may not be the same. If the frequency you set in the BIOS is lower or higher than the frequency of memory actually installed in the memory slot, memory asynchronous set. However, the current DDR2 memory overclocked to allow the limited scope of the current motherboard is mostly higher than the motherboard memory frequency setting options.

⑵ calculate the frequency division factor: First calculate the memory controller automatically sets the frequency division multiple DIV (Divider), often referred to as the divider factor:

DIV = CPU nominal frequency ÷ memory clock settings in the BIOS

If DIV decimal, then it should carry an integer, for example, 7.4 into 8. This is to ensure the safety of memory. Identify unclear whether the binary calculated DIV after the decimal point the number is very small, should take on more of the decimal point of the divisor (eg, 133) a few (for example, take 133.33333), and then the calculator or computer to calculate the DIV, it is easy to discern whether it should be binary.

If the calculated DIV is less than 5, it will be taken as 5. This is an important rule. However, because today's high CPU frequency, so this rule is often ignored.

The calculated value of the DIV is fixed in the memory controller on the CPU inside is not going to change because of the changes in the motherboard.

⑶ calculate the actual memory clock frequency: know the memory frequency division multiple memory clock frequency using the following formula:

The actual memory clock frequency = ÷ memory of the actual frequency of the CPU frequency division multiple

In the calculation, note that the difference between "nominal frequency" and "actual frequency". If you do not overclock, the two are equal.

The calculation results came out, you can determine the memory you choose is appropriate.

Example 4: CPU AMD Athlon (Athlon) 64 3200 +, clocked at 2.0 GHz, FSB is 200 MHz, intended to adopt a DDR400 memory (Auto) setting in the BIOS to do this, ask: (1) sub- The frequency of multiples? ⑵ the actual frequency of the memory?

Solution: (1) because the CPU clock speed is equal to 2000 MHz; DDR400 clock frequency equal to 400MHz / 2 = 200 MHz, memory sub-frequency multiples = 2000 MHz, ÷ 200 MHz = 10;

⑵ in question did not say that overclocking the memory clock frequency = 2000 MHz, ÷ 10 = 200 MHz, the memory is 200 MHz, therefore, to install DDR400 memory is the memory synchronous state.

Example 5. CPU Sempron 3200 +, clocked at 1.8 GHz, motherboard FSB is 200 MHz, the selection of DDR II 800 memory, and asked: (1) divided by a multiple of the number of how many? ⑵ memory clock frequency?

Solution: (1) sub-frequency coefficient DIV = 1800 MHz ÷ 400 MHz = 4.5, should be taken to be 5;

⑵ because the title did not say that overclocking the memory clock frequency = 1800 MHz, ÷ 5 = 360 MHz,. Upcoming memory relegated to DDR2-720. Because of the frequency of the memory is backward-compatible, so, such a configuration is also possible, but also that memory to run in synchronization status.

Example 6. A AMD CPU Nominal frequency is 2.0 GHz, FSB 200 MHz, set the BIOS memory is DDR2-800. FSB super to 250 MHz, and how to select the memory?

Solution: (1) sub-frequency multiples DIV = 2000 MHz ÷ 800 MHz, ÷ 2 = 5.0;

(2) When the FSB to 250MHz, the actual frequency is 250MHz x 10 = 2500 MHz, memory clock frequency = 2500 MHz, ÷ 5 = 500 MHz, this frequency is the clock frequency, it is multiplied by 2 memory The data frequency corresponding to the DDR2-1000. Therefore, in this case, DDR2-800 is overclocking, may make your computer run unstable, and should be replaced as DDR2-1000 memory to do.

If you do not want to replace the now installed on the motherboard, DDR2-800 memory, you can also do the memory asynchronous settings. The BIOS memory frequency is set a little lower, for example, set to DDR2-667, In this way, the DIV = 2000MHz ÷ 333MHz = 6. Overclocked frequency is 250MHz x 10 = 2500 MHz, 2500 MHz, ÷ 6 = 416 MHz memory clock frequency will be, if you now install the DDR2-800 memory physical good, such a small frequency of "overload" , should be can afford, she says.

If you do not worry, the memory frequency in the BIOS setting and then a little lower, for example set to DDR2-533, this time the DIV = 2000MHz ÷ 266MHz = 7.5, should carry is taken as 8. In this way, the clock speed of the CPU overclocked to 2500 MHz, memory clock frequency is 2500 MHz ÷ 8 = as 312.5MHz, quite of DDR2-625, so that you installed on the motherboard, DDR2-800 memory work lightly and more. However, this is in exchange for the sacrifice of memory speed.

The following table is a table calculated in accordance with the above reasoning, it is to explain the relationship between the BIOS set the memory frequency (DRAM the Frequency or Memory Frequency) with the actual memory frequency. Table "divide" we said above, divided by a multiple of the DIV; actual operating frequency of the memory clock frequency, the premise is not overclocked. Table using the The Scarlet Letter, said the sub-frequency and the number of clock frequency, and that calculated from the DIV less than 5, the memory controller into 5.

When overclocking the answer to the above three examples can be directly from the table to check out. However, the overclocking situation in the table divided by the coefficient ("divide") is still available, simply divide it by overclocking frequency to get the memory working frequency. This method has been used in Example 3.



Table 3 in the AMD platform BIOS settings the effect of frequency table



Note: from the table
103f
seen: clock frequency settings in the BIOS can be evenly divisible by the frequency of the frequency of memory can be to make full use of the frequency (Table in blue bold figures) Otherwise, the memory The frequency will be reduced. This is the setting of the memory controller in order to protect the memory overclocking sake.

Example 8. Frequency in the AMD platform is a 1.6GHz processor multiplier is 8, when the memory frequency is set in the BIOS DDR 333 memory operating frequency is?

A: The DIV = 1600 MHz/166.66 = 9.6, is taken as 10, the memory operating frequency is 1600 MHz ÷ 10 = 160 MHz, quite DDR320. This example: If the memory clock frequency is not divisible by the frequency of the CPU, memory can not be fully synchronized with the CPU.

9 With regard to dual-channel memory technology

Manufacturing CPU technology has improved continuously, the CPU frequency to enhance fast, but the level of technology of manufacturing the memory can not simultaneously improve the speed of the memory is always behind the CPU. For example, in a few years ago, the FSB frequency to 800 MHz and memory frequency has been unable to break through DDR400. Memory synchronization point of view, DDR400 memory with FSB 800 MHz CPU is synchronized. However, from the perspective of bandwidth matching, is not matched. So there was a dual-channel memory technology.

What is dual channel? The dual-channel system includes two independent, complementary smart memory controller, in theory, the two memory controllers are able to simultaneously between zero delay operation. The structural principle of the following figure shown on the right.

Dual channel with memory, when the controller B ready for the next access memory, the controller A read / write main memory, and vice versa. This complementary function of both the memory controller can make the wait time reduced by 50%. Two dual-channel DDR memory controller functionality is exactly the same. Ordinary single-channel memory system with a 64-bit memory controller, dual-channel memory system, there are two 64-bit memory controller, with a 128bit memory in dual channel mode bits wide, so in theory, the memory bandwidth doubled. For example, the single-channel DDR400 bandwidth is 3.2GB / s, if the same memory plus a dual-channel bandwidth into a 6.4GB / s.

Therefore, for the front-side bus is 800 MHz platform with two DDR 400 memory, dual channel, not only to meet the frequency synchronization requirements, but also to meet the matching requirements of bandwidth. However, for DDR2 memory, just with a DDR2-800 memory on it. In doing so, also can satisfy the synchronization requirements, but also to meet the bandwidth requirements. If you want to dual-channel, only to add a DDR2-800 memory. If you want to save a little, when you intend to use two DDR2-400 memory settings for dual channel to cope with 800 MHz FSB, while the bandwidth can meet the requirements, but the FSB is 200MHz, memory clock frequency is 200 MHz, can not meet the installation DDR2 memory FSB and memory clock frequency ratio of 1:2 requirement, therefore, the memory is out of sync, unless you do the memory asynchronous set, otherwise, make the computer unable to stabilize the operation.

However, we often see this argument: "dual-channel with two DDR2-533 memory can be used on the FSB is 1066 MHz platform" sort of argument. I say this is wrong, because each channel are independent, when you set the dual channel can indeed increase the bandwidth, however, the memory clock frequency is not doubled. The following experimental results can be seen: the single-channel, the clock frequency of the memory (DRAM Frequency) 400 MHz, then one is DDR2-800 memory, dual-channel detection, the clock frequency of 400 MHz, and set up a dual-channel double.

By the test results can be seen, the dual-channel memory capacity of 1024 MB expanded to 2048 MB. And indicates that the dual-channel (OC mode) is symmetrical, This means that the bandwidth is doubled Fan of.

Note: "FSB: memory test results" may wish to "FSB: Memory clock frequency," Therefore, the ratio of 1:2, or 200 Mhz: 400 MHz, Does CPU-Z FSB and FSB confuse? !



Older motherboard for dual channel memory requirements more demanding, we must first motherboard chip support, was also requested from the same manufacturer specifications, the same memory capacity installed in the correct way in order to form a dual-channel. However, the current motherboard mostly supports dual channel, and the use of the FMT technology has been greatly reduced, dual-channel memory specifications and capacity requirements, so dual channel is a relatively easy thing to do. However, for more than three memory slots motherboard, if your memory is not exactly the same, the installation must be installed in accordance with the motherboard manual. The principle is the same size of memory of "separated by interpolation or interpolation method for a group of two slots of the same color. Have to look at the motherboard manual to insert before, because there is no uniform standard in this regard, therefore, must be manual shall prevail. .

Check whether dual-channel, you can use special software to check. Such as CPU-Z makes EVEREST, SiSofyware, Sandra and so on.

IPHONE 3G MOTHERBOARD DETAILS

iphone 3g MOTHERBOARD DETAILS

IPHONE MOTHERBOARD DETAILS

MOSFET IS GOOD OR BAD TEST ON THE MOTHERBOARD (USING RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT METHOD)

MOSFET is good or bad test on the motherboard (using resistance measurement method)

MOTHERBOARD MOSFET TESTING METHOD.



FETs of all types are widely used electronics components today. Of all the types of FET, the MOSFET is possibly the most widely used.

Even though MOSFETs have been in use for many years, these electronics components are still a very important element in today's electronics scene. Not only are MOSFETs found in many circuits as discrete components, but they also form the basis of most of today's integrated circuits.

MOSFETs provide many advantages. In particular they offer a very high input impedance and they are able to be used in very low current circuits. This is particularly important for integrated circuit technology where power limitations are a major consideration

The method of measuring resistance is measured with a multi meter FET source electrode and the drain, gate and source pole resistance value indicated by the resistance value between the gate and drain, gate G1 and the gate G2 and the MOSFET manual are consistent to distinguish good and bad of the tube. Specific methods : first placed in the multi meter R × 10 or R × 100 files,
measuring the resistance between the source S and drain D, usually in the tens of ohms to thousands of Europe-wide (in the manual shows a variety of different models tube, the resistance value is not the same), if the measured resistance is greater than normal, may be due to internal poor contact; If the measured resistance is infinite, may be internally broken pole. Then placed in the multi meter R × 10k file, and then measured between the gate G1 and G2, gate and source, the resistance value between the gate and drain, when measured its various resistor values ​​are infinite, the Description tube is normal; if measured to get above the resistance is too small for the pathway, then the tube is bad. To note that the two grids is broken in the tube pole available component substitution method to detect

AGP (ACCELERATED GRAPHICS PORT) PIN DETAILS WITH VOLTAGE

AGP (Accelerated Graphics port) Pin Details With Voltage

ALL ABOUT AGP SLOT,PIN DETAILS AND VOLTAGES FOR MOTHERBOARD REPAIR

The Accelerated Graphics Port (also called Advanced Graphics Port) is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a single device (generally a graphics card) to a computers motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. Many classify AGP as a type of computer bus, but this is something of a misnomer since buses generally allow multiple devices to be connected, while AGP does not. AGP originated from Intel, and it was first built into a chipset for the Pentium II microprocessor
. AGP cards generally slightly exceed PCI cards in length and can be recognized by a typical hook at the inner end of the connector, which does not exist on PCI cards. Nowdays AGP is almost replaced by PCI-Express.
AGP versions:

• AGP 1.0: 3.3 volts signaling with speed multipliers 1x (267MB/s), 2x (533MB/s)
• AGP 2.0: 1.5 volts signaling with speed multipliers 1x (267MB/s), 2x (533MB/s), 4x (1067MB/s)
• AGP 3.0: 0.8 volts signaling with speed multipliers 4x (1067MB/s), 8x (2133MB/s)

In addition, in the world of workstations different AGP Pro cards exist with extra connectors which allow card to draw more power. In order to make life easier, the AGP standard defines some backward compatibilty. The AGP 1.0 specification requires that all implementations support the 1x speed multiplier at 3.3 volts. By default, when the AGP 1.0 machine powers up it selects the fastest speed multiplier supported by both the video card and the motherboard. If they both support 2x then they will run at 2x. Otherwise they run at 1x which is always implemented by all AGP 1.0 video cards and motherboards. The AGP 2.0 specification has a similar requirement. 2x and 1x support at 1.5 volts are required and 4x support is optional. The AGP 3.0 specification requires support for 8x. The 3.0 specification isn't as clear as the 1.0 and 2.0 specifications on the subject of requiring the lower multiplier but all AGP 3.0 almost all implementations support both 8x and 4x. As a result, you can completely ignore speed multipliers when you're checking for compatibility between an AGP video card and an AGP motherboard. If the video card and motherboard both support the same signaling voltage then there is always at least one common speed multiplier supported by both at that voltage. You only need to make sure that the video card and motherboard have at least one signaling voltage in common.
AGP cards and slots

Graphics Card Types	Connector Type*	Description
AGP 3.3V Card	3.3V slot	Supports only 3.3V signaling. Available speeds 1x, 2x.
AGP 1.5V Card	1.5V slot	Supports only 1.5V signaling. Available speeds 1x, 2x, 4x.
Universal AGP Card	Double slotted	Supports 3.3V and 1.5V signaling. Available speeds 1x, 2x at 3.3V and 1x, 2x, 4x at 1.5V.
AGP 3.0 Card	1.5V slot	Supports only 0.8V signaling. Available speeds 4x, 8x.
Universal 1.5V AGP 3.0 Card	1.5V slot	Supports 1.5V and 0.8V signaling. Available speeds 1x, 2x, 4x at 1.5V and 4x, 8x at 0.8V.
Universal AGP 3.0 Card	Double slotted	Supports AGP 3.3v, 1.5V, and 0.8V signaling. Available speeds 1x, 2x at 3.3V and 1x, 2x, 4x at 1.5V and 4x, 8x at 0.8V.

*Different slots connectors have different position of key The AGP connectors on the motherboard are keyed to prevent insertion of AGP cards which would be damaged if plugged in. An AGP 3.3V motherboard connector can only accept AGP cards which have the 3.3V slot. If you try to insert a card without a 3.3V slot into an AGP 3.3V motherboard connector, the card will bump into the connector key and cannot be inserted. Likewise an AGP 1.5V motherboard connector can only accept AGP cards with the 1.5V slot. An AGP universal motherboard connector has no keys and therefore can accept any kind of AGP card. An AGP card with both voltage slots can be plugged into any kind of AGP motherboard connector. If you can plug an AGP card into an AGP motherboard connector, then neither the card nor the motherboard will be damaged (assuming they obey the AGP specifications).

AGP pinout

	3.3 Volt Boards		Universal Boards		1.5 Volt Boards
Pin #	Side A	Side B	Side A	Side B	Side A	Side B
1	+12V	OVRCNT#	+12V	OVRCNT#	+12V	OVRCNT#
2	TYPEDET#	+5.0V	TYPEDET#	+5.0V	TYPEDET#	+5.0V
3	Reserved	5.0V	Reserved	5.0V	Reserved	5.0V
4	USB-	USB+	USB-	USB+	USB-	USB+
5	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground
6	INTA#	INTB#	INTA#	INTB#	INTA#	INTB#
7	RST#	CLK	RST#	CLK	RST#	CLK
8	GNT#	REQ#	GNT#	REQ#	GNT#	REQ#
9	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3
10	ST1	ST0	ST1	ST0	ST1	ST0
11	Reserved	ST2	Reserved	ST2	Reserved	ST2
12	PIPE#	RBF#	PIPE#	RBF#	PIPE#	RBF#
13	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground
14	Reserved	Reserved	WBF#	Reserved	WBF#	Reserved
15	SBA1	SBA0	SBA1	SBA0	SBA1	SBA0
16	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3
17	SBA3	SBA2	SBA3	SBA2	SBA3	SBA2
18	Reserved	SB_STB	SB_STB#	SB_STB	SB_STB#	SB_STB
19	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground
20	SBA5	SBA4	SBA5	SBA4	SBA5	SBA4
21	SBA7	SBA6	SBA7	SBA6	SBA7	SBA6
22	Key	Key	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved
23	Key	Key	GROUND	GROUND	GROUND	GROUND
24	Key	Key	Reserved	3.3Vaux	Reserved	3.3Vaux
25	Key	Key	Vcc 3.3	Vcc 3.3	Vcc 3.3	Vcc 3.3
26	AD30	AD31	AD30	AD31	AD30	AD31
27	AD28	AD29	AD28	AD29	AD28	AD29
28	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3
29	AD26	AD27	AD26	AD27	AD26	AD27
30	AD24	AD25	AD24	AD25	AD24	AD25
31	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground
32	Reserved	AD STB1	AD STB1#	AD STB1	AD STB1#	AD STB1
33	C/BE3#	AD23	C/BE3#	AD23	C/BE3#	AD23
34	Vddq 3.3	Vddq 3.3	Vddq	Vddq	Vddq 1.5	Vddq 1.5
35	AD22	AD21	AD22	AD21	AD22	AD21
36	AD20	AD19	AD20	AD19	AD20	AD19
37	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground
38	AD18	AD17	AD18	AD17	AD18	AD17
39	AD16	C/BE2#	AD16	C/BE2#	AD16	C/BE2#
40	Vddq 3.3	Vddq 3.3	Vddq	Vddq	Vddq 1.5	Vddq 1.5
41	FRAME#	IRDY#	FRAME#	IRDY#	FRAME#	IRDY#
42	Reserved	3.3Vaux	Reserved	3.3Vaux	KEY	KEY
43	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	KEY	KEY
44	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved	Reserved	KEY	KEY
45	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	VCC 3.3	KEY	KEY
46	TRDY#	DEVSEL#	TRDY#	DEVSEL#	TRDY#	DEVSEL#
47	STOP#	Vddq 3.3	STOP#	Vddq	STOP#	Vddq 1.5
48	PME#	PERR#	PME#	PERR#	PME#	PERR#
49	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground
50	PAR	SERR#	PAR	SERR#	PAR	SERR#
51	AD15	C/BE1#	AD15	C/BE1#	AD15	C/BE1#
52	Vddq 3.3	Vddq 3.3	Vddq	Vddq	Vddq 1.5	Vddq 1.5
53	AD13	AD14	AD13	AD14	AD13	AD14
54	AD11	AD12	AD11	AD12	AD11	AD12
55	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground
56	AD9	AD10	AD9	AD10	AD9	AD10
57	C/BE0#	AD8	C/BE0#	AD8	C/BE0#	AD8
58	Vddq 3.3	Vddq 3.3	Vddq	Vddq	Vddq 1.5	Vddq 1.5
59	Reserved	AD STB0	Reserved	AD STB0#	Reserved	AD STB0#
60	AD6	AD7	AD6	AD7	AD6	AD7
61	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground	Ground
A62	AD4	AD5	AD4	AD5	AD4	AD5
63	AD2	AD3	AD2	AD3	AD2	AD3
Vddq 3.3	Vddq	Vddq	Vddq 1.5	Vddq 1.5
65	AD0	AD1	AD0	AD1	AD0	AD1
66	Reserved	Reserved	Vrefcg	Vrefcg	Vrefcg	Vrefcg

The AGP bus is 32 bits wide, just the same as PCI is, but instead of running at half the system (memory) bus speed the way PCI does, it runs at full bus speed. This means that on a standard Pentium II motherboard AGP runs at 66 MHz instead of the PCI buss 33 MHz. This of course immediately doubles the bandwidth of the port; instead of the limit of 127.2 MB/s as with PCI, AGP in its lowest speed mode has a bandwidth of 254.3 MB/s. The AGP specification is in fact based on the PCI 2.1 specification, which includes a high-bandwidth 66 MHz speed