SMPS stands for switch-mode power supply unit. The properties of an SMPS transformer are highly dependent on the frequency in which they operate. High switching frequency opens up the possibilities to choose smaller SMPS transformers these high frequency, SMPS transformers uses ferrite cores.
The transformer core design is the most important thing in an SMPS transformer construction. A core has a different type of AL (Ungapped core inductance Coefficient) depending on the core material, core size, and core type. Popular type of core material are N67, N87, N27, N26, PC47, PC95, etc. Also, the manufacturer of ferrite cores provides detailed parameters in the datasheet, which will be useful while selecting the core for your transformer
Bobbin
A bobbin is the housing of cores and windings. A bobbin has an effective width which is essential to calculate the wire diameters and the construction of the transformer. Not only this, a bobbin of a transformer also has a dotted mark which provides the information of primary windings.Primary winding
The SMPS transformer winding will have a primary winding and a minimum of one secondary winding, based on the design it might hav more secondary winding or an auxiliary winding. The primary winding is the first and innermost winding of a transformer. It is directly connected to the primary side of an SMPS. Usually number of winding on primary side is more than other windings of the transformer. Finding the Primary winding in a transformer is easy; one just needs to check the dot side of the transformer for the primary winding. It is generally situated across the high voltage side of the mosfet.
In an SMPS schematic, you can notice the high voltage DC from the high voltage capacitor connected with the primary side of the transformer and the other end is connected with the power driver (Internal mosfet drain pin) or with a separate high voltage MOSFET's drain pin.
Secondary winding
Secondary winding converts the voltage as well as the current on the primary side to the required value. Finding out the secondary output is a bit complex as in some SMPS designs the transformer usually has multiple secondary outputs. However, the output or low voltage side of an SMPS circuit is generally connected to the secondary winding. One side of the secondary winding is the DC, GND and the other side is connected across the output diode.
As discussed, an SMPS transformer can have multiple outputs. Therefore an SMPS transformer can also have multiple secondary windings.